Voluminous: ‘Long and Love-Kraft’

A new 90 minute Voluminous: ‘Long and Love-Kraft’. This letter features a long discussion of the fave Lovecraft nibble… cheese! See also 2020’s Voluminous: Cats, Cheese and Hawaiians episode for more nibbles at the topic.

From another letter on the topic…

A decade ago I was greatly interested in tracking down some of the idioms I encountered in New York. For example – the phrase “store cheese” – which my palate preferences caused me to run up against continually. In southern New England the expression is – or at least was in 1924 – unknown. Our principal cheeses are the large traditional sort – about a foot thick and two feet in diameter – and the modern tinfoil package or process cheeses run second. Thus the word “cheese” without any trimmings suggests to our mind one of the large ordinary old-fashioned sort. When we allude to the new sort we usually say “process cheese”, “package cheese”, or (in the case of the long tinfoiled loaf) “loaf cheese”. Well – in New York it is just the other way around. The word “cheese” in itself suggests to New Yorkers the modern tin-foil brands, and if you ask for “a pound of mild white cheese” a Manhattan grocer will begin to chop you off a section of a Kraft tin-foiled loaf. These process cheeses (they are artificially cured and not aged) are the principal kinds used in the metropolis, and in many shops no others are obtainable. And where they do keep the standard old-fashioned sort, they call them “store cheeses”. Thus when I was in Brooklyn I used to have to ask for “medium white store cheese” if expected to get my usual kind.

And this was probably a Tom & Jerry-style ‘mousetrap’ wedge, cut from a wheel with a wire and wrapped in grease-proof paper, rather than the rectangular and vacuum-packed plastic block of today…

large wheels of cheddar cheese — often called simply “store cheese” — were kept under glass and sliced into one- or two- pound wedges for customers.” (New England)

Lovecraft’s friend Vrest Orton built an enduring mini-industry in Vermont around such things, which was perhaps even partly inspired by Lovecraft’s antiquarianism and tastes…

I wanted to revive an authentic, old-fashioned, rural operating store [‘The Vermont Country Store’, with] the same merchandise: New England foods, store cheese and crackers, bolts of calico cloth, kitchen knives and cooking forks

Orton even kept alive a certain old British traditions in cheese, something Lovecraft would surely have approved of…

one of the better sage cheeses I have eaten is sold by Vrest Orton, a Vermonter famous for his efforts to preserve the verities of his native state. Mr. Orton does not hesitate to tell his customers that the shipments he makes are “simply our good aged Cheddar with leaves of real sage for flavor.” Among British food lovers for hundreds of years this kind of sage cheese has been a traditional part of the Christmas celebration all over England.” (The World of Cheese)

In the Voluminous letter “York State Medium” is stated as being Lovecraft’s favoured cheese-board staple in 1930. This can be found in recipes as “York State cheese” into the 1970s, a full-fat cheese. But perhaps he was abbreviating for ‘New York State Cheese’, in which case it turns out there’s a complete book on the topic…

The Voluminous letter, as read, was previously abridged in Selected Letters III. This episode of Voluminous also gives an account of the process of acquisition of the Long letters for Brown.

The podcast has a small factual error, which I’ve corrected in my post Lovecraft was right, part 459.

Collected Letters of Robert E. Howard / Dark Man journal

WARNING: A printing problem has been discovered, and the publisher now advises… “Please do not purchase the book until the problem is investigated and fixed.”


The Collected Letters of Robert E. Howard, Volume 3 (1932-1936). According to Amazon this is now published. Which means the Robert E. Howard Foundation Press is to be heartily congratulated, as it now has all three volumes published as affordable paperbacks.

I see there was also a new issue of The Dark Man: Journal of Robert E. Howard and Pulp Studies (12.2), dated December 2021 and available March 2022 on Amazon. Among other items, an article on “Howard and Strange Tales” and a review of the expanded book The Weird Tales Story.

Views of Providence

This week in ‘Picture Postals’, part of The Beth Murray collection of Providence photographs. My thanks to the Providence Public Library, which has large scans of the screened postcard version of these Providence postcards, postcards once issued as sets by the city’s Book Shop. I’ve selected the views and places more relevant to Lovecraft.

Benefit Street, Providence.

Thomas Street, Providence. Appears in “The Call of Cthulhu”.

The view from the garden of the Shakespeare’s Head.

“John Carter … His old shop & office, the Sign of Shakespeare’s Head, in Gaol-Lane” (Lovecraft, speaking of Providence)

The John Carter house on Benefit Street.

Along the River Seekonk, Providence. On the way to one of Lovecraft’s favourite places, the wooded bluff above York Pond. The spot is around the corner in the distance. The young Lovecraft used to row on this river, most likely hiring a boat from the boat-house rather than Red Bridge, and would land on the Twin Islands in the river’s stream.

George Street, Providence. City centre and the then-new Industrial Trust building in the distance.

Looking up College Hill toward’s Lovecraft’s last home. The olde left side swept away for new RSID buildings, though somewhat sympathetically done with an old courtyard archway retained.

The Handicraft Club half-way up College Hill. Lovecraft’s aunt lived here for a while.

Another view of the Handicraft Club half-way up College Hill.

One of the entrances to the covered shopping Arcade, Providence. A favourite childhood haunt of the young Lovecraft.

View across to the new State House.

Another State House view.

Street market in the Italian quarter, Federal Hill. Setting of the late story “The Haunter of the Dark”.

The Baptist church, where Lovecraft tried to play “Yes, We Have No Bananas” on the organ.

I haven’t tried to foist colourising on them, since most of them are too contrasty (which doesn’t take colour well). There are more pictures to be found at the Library’s website and even more if you root around and hang around on eBay. Usually noted there as a “Book Shop” card…

I’ve found that Murray (1913-?) also issued a 34-page photobook for Lovecraft’s favourite local day-tip location, This is Newport: A book of photographs (1948).

Therefore she was also photographing in the mid-late 1940s. Interestingly she also issued the presumably similar title This is Providence: Photographs (1947). These dates suggest the dates of her pictures may well be earlier than the circa 1960 dates of the Book Shop’s postcard-set. We may be looking at Providence circa the mid 1940s, less than a decade after Lovecraft died. This earlier date would explain the somewhat rough ‘immediate post-war’ feel re: the b&w quality of the prints. At that time she would have been limited in materials and camera, and was likely printing them up for cheap reproduction in her books rather than as big art-prints.

There is no trace of either of her books on Archive.org. It’s possible there may be better quality / more pictures in the books, and possibly even some biography. There appears to be no institutional archive with her negatives, from which better prints might now be made.

Horror Tales from Mnemos

The sumptuous Mnemos edition of Lovecraft’s Horror Tales is soon to publish in France. Amazon lists it as 25th November 2022.

It appears this will complete their new multi-volume translation of the main fiction. Still to come is ‘Essays, correspondence, poetry, revisions’ and finally ‘About Lovecraft’ (although that may be a mis-translation for ‘The Lovecraft Circle’?).

Grandpa Tibbles

Lovecraft derived his pseudonym ‘Lewis Theobald Jr.’, later ‘Grandpa Theobald’ and variants, from the pioneering but much put-upon Shakespeare scholar Lewis Theobald (1688-1744). I’ve now discovered a curious thing relating to this choice.

The discovery occurred this way. I was looking at the early medieval talking-fox cycle Reynard the Fox as a source for Tolkien. Part of the evidence is found in one early version of Tolkien’s “The Tale of Tinuviel”, in which the hero is enslaved by the evil Melko’s lieutenant (“he was in Melko’s constant following”) who is a demon cat called Tiberth, Prince of Cats (“whom the Gnomes have called Tiberth”). This name is very similar to the central tom-cat character in the long and often ribald Flemish tale of Reynard the FoxTibert (Flemish). In Dutch Tybert; Old French Tibert; English Gilbert via Chaucer and his translation of the French Tibert; and then the name roots back via philological methods to the Germanic Theobald.

Skeat has… “I take Tybalt to be a shorter form of Theobald, which again is short for Theodbald … The A.S. [Anglo-Saxon] form is Theodbald, which occurs in Beda, [Bede] Hist. Eccl, book. i. c. 34.” (Skeat, Notes on English etymology). The American Century dictionary concurs with… “Thibault, a form of Theobald“.

So, these words were once the common descriptor for a male cat, most likely a dominant and bold one with a long tail. Now, I wonder if Grandpa Theobald knew that?

We can be certain that Lovecraft knew his Pope, and indeed he had minutely studied The Dunciad. He would then have been well aware of the character of Tibbald, the dunce poet in Pope’s Dunciad. We see him in the lines…

    in Tibbald’s monster-breeding breast,
sees gods with demons in strange league engage

That sounds very suitable then, for a Lovecraft pseudonym, on these lines alone. The lines are explicated with the pointed footnote… “Lewis Tibbald (as pronounced) or “Theobald (as written) … He was Author of some forgotten Plays, Translations, and other pieces.” The poem’s lines continued on, describing Tibbalt sitting without any supper but surrounded by his library of books and unable to pawn them. He is thus at that very moment selected by a goddess as the most suitable earthly candidate for the ‘Throne of Dullness’, and he ascends to the throne after being initiated by her. Nothing is said by Pope of the connection of the name with cats, and apparently Reynard the Fox was something of a forgotten wonder-of-literature in England until a grand popular revival in the 1850s. In Pope’s time Gilbert or gib-cat was the English name for a male cat, also starting to have the implication of castrated (as society became less rural and thus randy tom-cats became less welcome, in terms of keeping up the local cat population in order to remove mice and rats). Thus if Pope did know the connection of the name with Reynard’s tom-cat, he doesn’t say.

So there’s no evidence there that Lovecraft knew Theobald was the root of a name for a cat. However Lovecraft wrote once to his friend Moe as “Grandpaw Tibbald”, suggesting he was well aware of the TibbaldTheobald crossover in Pope. He evidently expected Moe to see the allusion, and perhaps even groan at the cat-pun in paw.

Though Lovecraft would also have known that in Shakespeare the character Tybalt is jokingly called ‘Prince of Cats’, ‘good King of Cats’ and ‘rat-catcher’ in Romeo and Juliet. One might then assume he had seen some footnote that explained this obvious allusion and connected it to the variant cat names. According to Lovecraft’s Library (3rd Ed.) Lovecraft owned three Shakespeare editions: Halliwell, 1860; Richard Grant White, 1883-84; William J. Rolfe, 1898. Could any of these have explained things in a note? Halliwell does not note the phrases, and nor does White. Rolfe does, with…

Prince of cats: Tybert is the name of the cat in Reynard the Fox. Steevens quotes Dekker, Satiromastix, 1602: “tho’ you were Tybert, the long-tail’d prince of cats;” and Have with You, etc.: “not Tibalt, prince of cats.” As St. notes, Tibert, Tybert, and Tybalt are forms of the ancient name Thibault.”

Close, but not quite. We still have to assume that Lovecraft knew Thibault = Theobald. This seems likely, but I can find no firmer evidence that he did. Possibly he just associated Theobald with the common old English personal name, which meant people|bold, shorthand for something akin to ‘prince who boldly defends his people’.

The cat-name survives today in the form of the affectionate name Tibbles, and we can thank Pope for pointing out that this (as Tibbald) was once the correct English pronunciation of Theobald. Thus a suitably historical, and also rather mellifluous, name for a Lovecraftian cat today would be ‘Theobald Tibble’. The ‘s’ being omitted because modern, and also because cats do not care to hear ‘s’ sounds.

Ph.D. in Music and Multimedia Composition at Brown

This seems relevant to Lovecraft, re: the creation of Lovecraftian music, perhaps relating to the topography/hydrology and hauntology of Providence…

Applications are invited for a Ph.D. in Music and Multimedia Composition (MMC) at Brown University. Fully-funded with a generous stipend and benefits.

MMC will host an online Open House event on 18th November 2022, from noon to 2pm EST. MMC faculty and current students will be available to answer questions.

Application deadline: 15th December 2022.

They appear to encompass a wide variety of musical styles and approaches, and seem to favour someone capable of a similar range. It’s not mentioned, but I assume that similarly advanced multimedia/coding skills will be needed.

Off the top of my head I’d propose Brown’s monstrous Art History block, being the site of Lovecraft’s house, as an instrument to be ‘played’ in a Lovecraftian manner. Possibly by being linked in some generative way to the city’s relic underground tunnels and the Twin Islands (Lovecraft used to land on these in his boat, probable inspiration for “Dagon”) in the Seekonk, such that subtle and uncanny noises are generated via sensors in the tunnels and in the tidal flows of the Seekonk. To lighten the mood in places, also mingling with a brighter sonic evocation of Lovecraft’s lost Cat Swamp in summer. One might further use cosmic rays above Providence as data inputs to generate occasional symphonic washes of sound.

New on Archive.org

Archive.org had a new influx of books to borrow. New or newly-spotted…

So many lovely days : the Greenwich Village years. Family history of Lovecraft’s friend George Kirk, including a picture of the Chelsea Bookshop in summer 1930. Appears to be very much out-of-print today.

Cross Plains universe : Texans celebrate Robert E. Howard (2006)

Robert Silverberg’s many trapdoors : critical essays on his science fiction (1992)

Affinity Publisher v2, now with footnotes

Serif’s Affinity has launched its version 2.0 suite of Adobe-killers. Of interest to scholars and writers is that there are now footnotes, as a new feature in its Publisher DTP software for desktop. Seemingly this feature is also in the iPad app version of Publisher. I assume the footnotes work as they do in Word.

Affinity Publisher v2 on its own can currently be had on an introductory discount for £35.99 UK ($40.99 US), if you don’t need the other Affinity software (equivalents of Photoshop and Illustrator). That’s an excellent one-off price for such a polished DTP software, though note that…

* the InDesign-like UI is going to be a bit scary for the first week for some users

* it’s very eye-straining, since on Windows you can’t scale the UI with its tiny fonts and labels. Mac users can at least scale up the UI font size.

* Windows 7 users should note that Publisher 1.9.2 was apparently the last that could run on Windows 7.

What you don’t get is, compared to the competitors…

* The user-friendliness and Word-like UI of Microsoft Publisher.

* Adobe InDesign’s plugin ecosystem.

* QuarkXpress’s integrated HTML5 output.


Also, I see that at long last Scrivener 3.x is out for Windows, after years and years of waiting.

Notes on ‘Letters with Donald and Howard Wandrei’, part four

The final part of my notes on Letters with Donald and Howard Wandrei.

We open in late summer 1935, among the letters sent to Petaja.


Various pages. Both 1935 and 1936 appear to have had cold and late spring-times, which did not help to bolster Lovecraft’s failing health.

p. 450. Lovecraft sees a rare “lunar rainbow” in Florida, cast by the full moon, and describes it as “faint but perfect”.

p. 451. He recalls that he had seen Indians (i.e. native Americans) once “in their native habitat” in 1931. These were Seminoles “who still maintain their tribal organisation”. They had a large camp at Musa Isle in the Florida everglades, and did their best to maintain traditional dress and customs under tribal leadership. The forthcoming book Lovecraft in Florida will likely have more details on such visits.

p. 458. Shows evidence that he is aware of the gay movement in Germany, by October 1935. In a brief discussion of Burton’s 1885 musings on a geographical “Sodatic Zone”, he notes… “at present Germany is said to suffer from such perverted attitudes”. Although by that time Lovecraft was increasingly out-of-date re: the Nazi Party under Hitler (who had seized control of the Party in June 1934).

p. 463. He did not actually own a copy of The Witch Cult in Western Europe (1921), and it appears he never had… “I wish I could get hold of it, but it is infernally hard to find”. p. 466 has him stating “I’d give a lot to own a copy”.

p. 468. He would also like to have read the great Finnish epic The Kalevala.. “which I have for years been meaning to read”. Also p. 483, “my long-standing wish to read the Kalevala“.

p. 469. “Choreography [i.e. the dance] is an art I can appreciate even less than music”.

p. 474. Reports that he undertook a “titanic file cleaning” over many days in June 1936, and as a result he has “thrown away a couple of tons of junk”. And among it probably papers and letters that today would fetch substantial sums, and would be of much interest to scholars.

p. 486. Following the letters, a reprint of an article on Howard Wandrei. Wandrei tells the interviewers that he once owned a complete run of the pre-Weird Tales magazine The Black Cat, and Wandrei retails the story that it folded (shortly before Weird Tales appeared on the stands) because it ran one especially gruesome story involving pain experiments on cats and dogs, then a man. The magazine’s circulation vanished as a result, apparently, and it folded. However, the story of that title was actually in The Black Mask in early 1924, and cannot be found in the old The Black Cat. I suspect that a crackly telephone interview allowed the confusion of the two titles. The Black Mask (est. 1920) may well have dipped in circulation as a result, but appears to have run on until July 1951.

p. 488. A dealer-listing of letters from Lovecraft to Wandrei is given. These letters either no longer exist, or else are salted away in a private collection. But the listing does quote a few lines here and there. A 7th November 1935 postcard was sent by Lovecraft from the rooms above the “Julius” bar in New York City, where Lovecraft was staying. Later a long-time and famous gay bar, although its 1935 status is unknown other than it was then the “Julius” bar.

‘Julius’ bar, 155 West 10th St., now No. 159.

Lovecraft assures the recipient of the card that he is “NOT patronising the barroom beneath” his room, although Donald Wandrei is. He had earlier noted Wandrei was living above a “well-known ‘bohemian’ restaurant” in one letter, but that was presumably before his actual arrival. On arrival, and seeing the place, he is obviously more inclined to call it simply a “barroom”. He spent two weeks living there with Howard Wandrei. The address was 155 West 10th St., now numbered as 159 and it has since become one of the most famous bars in gay history.