The Pickwick Club disaster as inspiration for “Red Hook” and “He”

Lovecraft’s New York stories “The Horror at Red Hook” (written 1st-2nd August 1925) and “He” (written 11th Aug 1925) both culminate in calamitous and severe building collapse. Similarly, “In the Vault” (18th Sept 1925) features a man trapped in a building. Could these elements of collapse and trapping have been inspired by the Pickwick Club collapse disaster, in Boston (New England) in July 1925? The collapse killed 44 people.

Lovecraft’s own building had also been shaken by a minor earthquake in late February 1925, though it was structurally unharmed. This would have primed him to worry about possible building collapse.

From the book The Wicked Waltz and other scandalous dances, by Mark Knowles (2009)…

Also interesting it that, at that time, there was a public association being made between dance halls (a seedy dance hall features prominently in “Red Hook”) and Satan (ditto)…

“[The book] Satan in the Dance Hall: Rev. John Roach Straton, Social Dancing, and Morality in 1920s New York City (2008) explores the overwhelming popularity of social dancing and its close relationship to America’s rapidly changing society in the early twentieth century. The book focuses on the fiercely contested debate about the morality of social dancing in New York City, led by such moral reformers and religious leaders as Rev. John Roach Straton. Guided by the firm belief that dancing was a leading cause of immorality, Straton and his followers succeeded in enacting municipal regulations on social dancing and moral conduct within the more than 750 public dance halls in New York City.”

Doctor Who and Lovecraft

Today the Doctor Who blog Tea with Morbius reviews the novel The Pit by Neil Penswick (Virgin New Adventure, 1993). I’m a Doctor Who fan, so it’s interesting to hear of Lovecraftian cross-overs. Indeed, as Morbius points out, there are some similarities in the type and modus operandi of the monsters — even without overt crossovers. The novel is apparently widely held to be one of the worst Doctor Who novels ever written, but Tea with Morbius discerns an additional reason why the fans might dislike it. It’s far too Lovecraftian, apparently…

“The whole reason why I rediscovered Doctor Who was that I realised how similar the two can be. The New Adventures effectively incorporated Lovecraft’s Great Old Ones into the Whoniverse in All-Consuming Fire. But this book, written before then, is much more Lovecraftian in style. Not only does it feature ancient, extra-dimensional monsters described as ‘Old Ones’ who are worshipped by secret cults, but it has that overwhelming sense of cosmic hopelessness. The Doctor, normally invincible and indomitable, is reduced to utter impotence. It totally deviates from the pattern of Doctor Who. If every New Adventure novel was like this, we could not take it, but this one gets it right.”

Night Gaunts

Available online for free: Night Gaunts (2002) by Brett Rutherford. This is a rather fine feature-film length stage play, on the life of H.P. Lovecraft. I’d love to see the play produced as a radio play. So far as I’m aware, BBC radio has never done any Lovecraft drama — despite the public-domain status of nearly all the works.

10 stories set in Red Hook, NY

Lovecraft’s long New York story “The Horror at Red Hook” was written at the start of August 1925. Although its quality is usually disparaged by Lovecraft scholars, noted critic Harold Bloom called the story: “one of his most delicious tales” (Twentieth-century American Literature, 1986). I tend to agree, and find something very interesting in how Lovecraft projects dual semi-autobiographical heroes in Malone and Suydam (yes, I consider Suydam a hero — but that’s for a proper essay).

But what of the stories and novels that came after it, also set in the notorious Red Hook? Here’s my quick survey of other stories set in Red Hook:—

1. Frank Palescandolo’s pulp novel Rumble on the Docks (1953) is set in Red Hook. The book must have risen above the average, since it was filmed in 1956.

2. The well-known film On The Waterfront (1954) was Elia Kazan’s study of gangster/union rule on the docks, and of the longshoreman (Marlon Brando) who fights back against corruption.

3. Arthur Miller’s play A View from the Bridge (1955/1956) was a domestic tragedy of love, violence, and illegal immigration, set in Red Hook. Apparently the script arose as an offshoot from On The Waterfront.

4. Hubert Selby’s notorious novel Last Exit to Brooklyn (1957) is a famously bleak collection of six linked stories set in the violent neighbourhoods of Red Hook/Brooklyn. It was filmed in 1990.

5. “Book One: The Gang” is the first half of the book Memos from Purgatory by Harlan Ellison, an autobiographical account in which the famous science fiction author recounts how in 1957 he joined one of the gangs in Red Hook for research purposes. It was later made into a TV movie for The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1964).

6. Rick Dakan’s The Call of Cthulhu game book in the After Lovecraft series The Horror At Red Hook: The Cold Case of Robert Suydam brings back Lilith to Red Hook, along with bewitched little girls.

7. The collection The Lovecraft Papers (1996) by P. H. Cannon includes the novella “Pulptime: Being a singular adventure of Sherlock Holmes, H.P. Lovecraft, and the Kalem Club, as if narrated by Frank Belknap Long, Jr.”, originally issued as a separate book (Weirdbook Press, 1984). An ageing Sherlock Holmes recruits Lovecraft and the Kalem Klub to help solve a mystery in Red Hook in the 1920s.

8. Alan Moore’s The Courtyard (Avatar Press, 2003) was a two-issue comic book, containing a Lovecraftian tale set in the Red Hook of the present day. Which doesn’t mean that it’s any nicer as a neighbourhood. In the 1990s LIFE magazine labelled Red Hook one of the worst neighbourhoods in the USA, and… “the crack capital of America”. Avatar Press also published Alan Moore’s The Courtyard Companion (2004), which contains the original short story by Alan Moore, and an essay by Antony Johnson. The story had originally appeared in The Starry Wisdom: A Tribute to H.P. Lovecraft (Creation Books, 1995).

9. Alan Moore followed up The Courtyard with the more substantial Lovecraftian comic-book series Neonomicon (2010, ongoing), which has modern-day FBI agents investigating a series of gory cult killings in Red Hook.

10. My own book Tales of Lovecraftian Cats (2010) includes two prequels to “The Horror at Red Hook”, one of which is set in Red Hook and one of which follows Robert Suydam on his mysterious eight-year sojourn in Europe.

Dagon (UK zine)

Carl Ford on the history of the British Lovecaft ‘zine Dagon….

“The early issues of Dagon were knocked out on an old Corona typewriter as stick and paste jobs with editing courtesy of Tippex. I’d write most of the material, mainly gaming scenarios and filler that included articles on the Mythos and Lovecraft’s circle. By issue 11 I had started to attract a small cult following and word got around. At the time, Dagon was the only British ‘zine devoted to the subject, and contributors from the Lovecraftian stable soon agreed to supply me with material. Authors such as Ramsey Campbell, Neil Gaiman, T.E.D. Klein, Thomas Ligotti, and Brian Lumley began to contribute fiction, and prominent Lovecraftian scholars that included Peter Cannon, Robert M. Price and S.T. Joshi, followed suit. I was also fortunate to acquire the illustrative services of Dave Carson, Allen Koszowski, and Gahan Wilson for the despicable artwork. This collective of big names helped Dagon to garner several British Fantasy Society awards for Best Small Press, and I was fortunate to pick up an award for Most Promising Newcomer (formerly the Icarus Award) for editing/publishing.”

Mysterious Crate

A little late for me to link to it, but I just found a Lovecraft birthday tribute-story-spoof in The Onion, from last week. “Mysterious Crate Arrives from London”

“Determined investigation of the crate by men fortified in their courage by a tot of best brandy reportedly showed it to be covered with labels and seals from Cathay, the Bight of Benin, Outer Calcutta, Tangiers, Algiers, and Sumatra. Though no consensus upon its origins could be had, a majority agreed the box most likely began its dark pilgrimage in the dusky Orient. According to shipboard sources, the coats-of-arms of three separate monarchs were visible beneath divers stains, gouges, and odd discolourations.”


 

For those trying to recall the delivery of a crate in Lovecraft’s actual stories, there was the delivery of a mysterious box in “Facts Concerning the Late Arthur Jermyn”…

“The boxed object was delivered at Jermyn House on the afternoon of August 3, 1913, being conveyed immediately to the large chamber which housed the collection of African specimens as arranged by Sir Robert and Arthur. What ensued can best be gathered from the tales of servants and from things and papers later examined. Of the various tales, that of aged Soames, the family butler, is most ample and coherent. According to this trustworthy man, Sir Arthur Jermyn dismissed everyone from the room before opening the box, though the instant sound of hammer and chisel showed that he did not delay the operation. Nothing was heard for some time; just how long Soames cannot exactly estimate, but it was certainly less than a quarter of an hour later that the horrible scream, undoubtedly in Jermyn’s voice, was heard.”

At the Mountain of Darkness

Big new production still of the ‘giant’ miniature model over at the HPLHS. It’s being used to shoot the new HPLHS film adaptation of Lovecraft’s “The Whisperer in Darkness“…

“There are now several hundred handmade miniature trees planted on its verdant slopes, and about three or four hundred to go before we point the movie camera at it, which we’ll do next weekend. The miniature is made of paper and foam and chickenwire and plywood and moss and about six kinds of glue. Here’s hoping it all holds up in the blistering heat wave they’re predicting here for next week”

Historical note on “Beast in the Cave” (1904/5)

Chris Perridas is doing sterling work tracking down the young Lovecraft, and he’s currently looking at the inspiration for the juvenile story “Beast in the Cave” (circa 1904/1905). Chris writes today…

“Of the hundreds of caves in New England – including the one in Foster, RI, why did he reach out to write about Mammoth Cave in far off Kentucky?”

Possibly Lovecraft was inspired by the children’s literature of the time, such as…

* Bicard, W. “Lost in Mammoth Cave”. The Youth’s Companion, 63: 54. (1890).

* Guernsey, D. Riley. Lost in Mammoth Cave (c.1905). (This is a 315 page novel and the Lost Race Checklist annotates it as about: “Hidden tribe of Indians.”)

The cave was … “a featured attraction of the St. Louis World’s Fair” (1904). Press coverage for the Fair would have been extensive, and there was also an automobile race from New York to St. Louis to further attract the attention of the press. Although Lovecraft could have reached the Fair with relative ease — the “St. Louisan” of the Pennsylvania was a 24-hour sleeper train from New York to St. Louis — it is very unlikely that he visited the Fair. His grandfather died on 28th March 1904, and the Fair opened on 30th April 1904. Still, he no doubt read about it in the press reports.

Also, from the press of the era, possibly a confirmation for the human-ape ‘devolution’ idea…

BLIND FISH FROM MAMMOTH CAVE (November 24, 1900): “For the first time some blind fish from the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky have reached England alive and been placed in the London Zoological Gardens.”

The blind fish as seen in the children’s book Round-About Rambles in Lands of Fact and Fancy.

If it could happen to fish, why not humans? — or so the boy Lovecraft may have surmised. The fish are mentioned in the 1902 Britannica article on Mammoth Cave…

“The most interesting inhabitants of Mammoth Cave are the blind, wingless grasshoppers, with extremely long antennae ; blind, colourless crayfish (Cambarus pellucidus, Telk.) ; and the blind fish, Amblyopsis spelaeus, colourless and viviparous, from 1 inch to 6 inches long.”

“the opinion now held is that they are modified from allied species existing in the sunlight, and that their peculiarities may all be accounted for on principles of evolution,—the process being accelerated (or retarded) by their migration from the outer world to a realm of absolute silence and perpetual darkness.”

A complete history of such fish can be found “Scientists prefer them blind: the history of hypogean fish research” (PDF link).

There may also have been something in “Beast in The Cave” of an earlier, lost, story. Lovecraft writes in his Autobiography: Some Notes On A Nonentity

“the earliest piece I can recall being a tale of a hideous cave perpetrated at the age of seven and entitled “The Noble Eavesdropper”. This does not survive”