Crowdfunder – Lovecraft-Long letters

There’s a new HPLHS Fundraiser to Preserve Lovecraft’s Letters to Frank Belknap Long

A collection of original letters from Lovecraft to his friend Frank Belknap Long is being sold by a private collector. The 52 letters were written between 1920-1931 and total 509 pages, of which many have never been published. We believe these letters should be acquired and donated to the permanent collection at Brown, but the price is rather high.

So these are not the letters from “Long to Lovecraft”, as recently mentioned by S.T. Joshi on his blog. But rather unknown(?) and certainly ‘many unpublished’ letters from “Lovecraft to Long”. I imagine most of them cluster in 1920-1924 and 1927-30 (since he and Long were largely face-to-face in New York in the middle of the period).

The Italians also have their own video explainer for the campaign.


A note on upscaling, using AI Gigapixel, obviously used on the interior photo on the stamp when it’s seen a larger size. It looks fine above, but not when larger. For best results on that sort of image use the very latest version, in ‘Compressed’ mode and turn on ‘Face refinement’ (now far better than it used to be). Keep de-blur and noise-reduction very low.

“C’mon, Howie – let’s wrassle!”

My Pateon patron John Miller writes to ask…

What’s the story behind HPL & Robert E. Howard’s attempt (or attempts?) to meet in person?

“C’mon, Howie – let’s wrassle!” by Loneanimator.

I’m somewhat at a loss on this one. Not having access to the two volumes of Lovecraft – Howard letters, or the latest sound biographies of Howard. I do know that it was in summer 1934 that E. Hoffman Price’s ‘Great Juggernaut’ cross-country Ford rattled through the dust swirls and into Cross Plains. Thus Price became the first Weird Tales author to meet Robert E. Howard in person. Lovecraft commented to Barlow, on the final prep for the trip in April…

Juggernaut has been nobly groomed & supplied with new parts, & stands ready to roll over the plains to the Cimmerian stronghold of Conan the Reaver.

The Patja letters have Lovecraft musing extensively, at this time, on the fact that isolation from likeminded fellows was the natural state of the Weird Tales writer or fan. He starts with R.E. Howard and to prove his point he goes through the names more or less methodically. This is a point that has interesting ramifications. If 20th century weird writers had had the advantages of the mainstream literati — constant big-city mingling, soires and summer writing colonies, conferences and gala readings, stipends from patrons and travel-bursaries from foundations — who knows who they might have picked up or what they might have produced.

As for the Lovecraft-Howard meeting plans, apparently in September 1931 Lovecraft penned lines to the effect of ‘it would be nice to meet… one day’ when funds permitted. But the Great Depression was starting to bite, and ‘funds’ were fizzling out. I guess a full-blown three-week New York visit would have been most useful for Howard, in terms of making magazine editor contacts and perhaps having the trip effectively ‘pay for itself’. With Howard striding out of Pennsylvania Station after a 60+ hour ride, and Lovecraft winging his way around the Elevated rail line to meet him and guide him to the Weird Tales office. But I’m guessing about that. Very probably it would have been way too costly, even with friendly pit-stops and free New York accommodation and food.

Perhaps Lovecraft really did think he might one day get as far as Texas, and by rail and bus. He took a steamer across the Mississippi the next summer, after all, having bagged a new revision client and found the funds. I seem to recall that the most likely meeting point would have been when Lovecraft was in New Orleans with Hoffman Price in summer 1932, but that Howard could not afford the cost to get there. Howard did however rather usefully telegraph Price, to alert him that Lovecraft was in his city. Thus Lovecraft at least met Price.

The second and theoretical possibility is that Lovecraft could have been a passenger in Hoffman Price’s cross-country ‘Juggernaut’ in spring and summer 1934, and thus eventually found himself in Cross Plains. But it wasn’t to be.

E. Hoffmann Price later stated, in a 1937 letter, that he had once mooted a Mexico expedition in the company of H.P. Lovecraft and R.E. Howard…

While unlikely, this even more theoretical trip might have been a viable solution, given a still-living Lovecraft and Howard circa 1937 or 38. Heat and spicy food to pep up Lovecraft; a manly gun-toting environment for Howard (he appears to have felt somewhat intimidated by Lovecraft, and might have felt more so had they ever met in New York City or Providence — although in Mexico he would have found that Lovecraft also knew how to handle a rifle); smiling concubines, cheap beer and adventure for Price, and (perhaps) real ancient ruins and carnivorous plants for Long. Frank Belknap Long being the only one I can think of who might have summoned up four boat-tickets to get them from New Orleans across the Gulf of Mexico, and then found the funds to equip the group to tour the ruined cities and jungle-temples of central America. If this 1912 card is anything to go by, one hopped on an empty freighter-cum-liner sailing back to pick up more citrus fruit and bananas for the American market…

Now, there’s an RPG scenario that some may want to pursue, with a bit of research. Possibly Hoffman Price’s memoirs have more to say on the travel arrangements to Mexico in those days, but I can’t afford the now-collectable book and it’s not on Archive.org or in a cheap budget ebook. But it’s known that, despite the impression given by 1930s musicals such as Flying Down to Rio, the New Orleans – Mexico City scheduled air connections only appear to have begun after the Second World War, and in a stop-start way due to the infernal Mexican bureaucracy. But I suspect that either way Long’s health would likely have precluded such a trip. He appears to have travelled quite well in the company of his family, but that was mostly hopping between plush hotels and country estates. A cockroach infested 1930s one-star bordello in the South American badlands might have been too much for him, though doubtless Mexico City had its high spots in hotels. Any RPG would have to ‘get him on the rejuvenation tablets’, which might even be part of the scenario.

Of course today a crowd-funder would have them all digging into a crypt in Teotihuacan, faster than you could say whereizitagin?

New data on Arthur Leeds

New material on Archive.org reveals a wealth of new data on Lovecraft’s friend Arthur Leeds, and even one story now available online. My earlier attempt at a life of Arthur Leeds will certainly need an update and expansion, at some point. That will be even more likely after I’ve properly read the new Letters to Family books, which have a slab of Leeds entries in the Index.

The Editor for Ellery Queen’s Mystery Magazine, January 1947 wrote…

Evidently Leeds was then living at 223 East 19th Street, New York City, in winter 1946/47. There are two such addresses, but his must be the Brooklyn one, a small frame house about four miles north of Coney Island. He might have been a little annoyed that any reader letters subsequently addressed to him could have gone to the Manhattan address, but presumably he took the opportunity to write there and tell them of possible misunderstandings — and possibly make a new useful contact along the way (he was that kind of fellow). His lengthy letter to the editor is not reprinted in the magazine, but we do know from the gist of it that at one time Leeds moved among and knew various popular crime and mystery writers. I don’t recognise any of the names, but crime pulp historians may do. I wonder if the letter might still be found, in the magazine’s archives?

Billboard, May 1930 reported that Arthur Leeds had joined a 10c “Prison Portrayal Show” on Coney Island, which realistically showed the crowds how a prison operated. It appears that Leeds played a “criminologist”, possibly framing the show and explaining certain points to the audience. Billboard reassures readers that the show is realistic but in good taste. Billboard for March 1929 reveals that Leeds was part of the “faithful” crew of this show…

Stepping further back in time, Billboard for May 1927 reveals Leeds was then the “Opener” for a successful Palace of Wonders show at Riverview Park in Chicago. Complete with Two-headed Girls, Sea-Nymphs, a Doll Lady and other human marvels etc…

Front of house, Chicago Riverside ‘Palace of Wonders’, probably late 1940s.


Here is the Leeds story, from Ghost Stories, October 1926. The magazine was obviously competing with the movies by using faux movie stills to illustrate the stories. I Am Providence reveals it paid well, 2 cents a word, and Lovecraft tried three stories on them. He heard nothing back. Several stories in it read like movie scenarios of the time, which were then written up in a plainly-written ‘photoplay’ format. The format was one movie-going readers were familiar with at that time, though it may seem stilted to us today. This Leeds tale is unremarkable and reads like it should have been translated to the screen back in the 1920s rather than read on the page. More generally the magazine doesn’t appear to have been a possible Lovecraft market, since it promoted spiritualism and psychic powers etc, and anyway his work would not really have fitted. Judging from this one issue it appears to have been a side-income for the lower ranks of the movie-making crowd, scenario writers and stills photographers with free access to movie-lot costume-racks. Still, S.T. Joshi hints that it tried to go upmarket before it failed, and at that point Robert E. Howard landed in it. It closed in 1932.

‘Picture postals’ from Lovecraft: Jean Libbera

From a 1934 letter by Lovecraft…

… in a freak show (Hubert’s Museum in W. 42nd St.) in New York [he saw in 1925] “Jean Libera” [sp. Libbera …]. So far as I know, he is still living and on exhibition. [In 1930] “I chanced to mention the matter [of the story “Cassius”] to my old friend Arthur Leeds of New York, who has had the extensive dealings with freaks and other amusement enterprises. Fancy my surprise when he told me that he knows Libera well — that the man’s real name is Giovanni Libera, that he is an Italian of great intelligence, that he is interested in everything weird, and that (believe this or not — it’s actual truth!!) he is especially fond of my work in Weird Tales!!!!

Jean Libbera and his large ‘twin’, quite gruesome when unclothed.

I’ve found an ad that shows that Libbera played Coney Island for the summer season of 1925, therefore Lovecraft’s visit to Hubert’s (aka Hubert’s Dime Museum) must have been either January-March or October-December of 1925.

In the Wandrei letters Lovecraft remarks that his friend Arthur Leeds had become associated with a human freak show. Possibly this one, though there was also likely another on Coney Island and I’ve found he also ran one in Chicago. More on that tomorrow.

There’s a book on the Museum as it was in the 1950s and 60s, Hubert’s Freaks. One can pick it up on eBay fairly cheaply. The site appears to have been on Times Square, then notorious for sleaze and set to grow ever more so into the 1970s and 80s… before the big Zero Tolerance clean-up of the early 90s.

British Book News, 1940-1993

A while back I noted here that the Publishers Weekly is online at Archive.org for 1872-2016. Now comes a British equivalent, British Book News in a run from 1940-1993. The upload appears not to be complete yet, though probably will be in a few days. Useful for tracking down exact publication dates, in terms of possible influences of writers on other writers.

Cover shows “Tomb of Thomas Sayers” in Highgate Cemetery, picture made by Fay Godwin circa 1980. “Sayers was a famous bare-knuckle fighter and the first to be declared ‘World Heavyweight Champion’. The giant dog is his pet, Lion”.

Cthulhupunk

From Germany, a new “Cthulhupunk” (i.e. ‘steampunk Lovecraft’) story anthology Necrosteam with illustrations for each tale.

GM Factory is also hard at work turning public-domain stories into free German-language audiobooks, from H.P. Lovecraft, R.E. Howard, and C.A. Smith.

Also from Germany, a trailer for a promised new screen adaptation of “The Haunter of the Dark”.

Penumbra #1 in ebook

I see that the first issue of S. T. Joshi’s new journal Penumbra: A Journal of Weird Fiction and Criticism is now available on Amazon as an affordable £4.65 ebook for download. Even if you don’t care to add yet more fiction to your tottering reading-pile, there are also enough non-fiction pieces to find something of interest for your fivver. Such as…

* The Cosmic Scale of Elfland.

* The Idea of the North in the Fiction of Simon Strantzas.

* Finding Sherlock Holmes in Weird Fiction.

* “The Weird Dominions of the Infinite”: Edgar Allan Poe and the Scientific Gothic.

Fly me to the moon…

In his boyhood article “Can the Moon Be Reached by Man” (October 1906) H.P. Lovecraft opens with the observation that…

In 1649 a Frenchman named Jean Baudoin published a book entitled: A Trip from the Earth to the Moon.

The footnotes in Collected Essays reveals that this was actually a translation of a book by the Englishman Francis Godwin (1562-1633). Though it does not seem likely the boy Lovecraft had yet read either Godwin or Baudoin, since I have found that he was likely borrowing his opening fact from Jules Verne’s From the Earth to the Moon. In Chapter II of this novel Verne has a French speaker addresses the Gun Club in Baltimore, reminding them of various great French ‘firsts’ in the field…

Permit me,” he continued, “to recount to you briefly how certain ardent spirits, starting on imaginary journeys, have penetrated the secrets of our satellite. In the seventeenth century a certain David Fabricius boasted of having seen with his own eyes the inhabitants of the moon. In 1649 a Frenchman, one Jean Baudoin, published a “Journey performed from the Earth to the Moon. At the same period Cyrano de Bergerac published that celebrated ‘Journeys in the Moon’ which met with such success in France.”.

We know that Verne’s From the Earth to the Moon was in Lovecraft’s library in book form. But the young Lovecraft was presumably unaware, in 1906, that Verne had conveniently omitted to inform readers that the work was a translation from the Englishman Francis Godwin (1562-1633, possibly the great uncle of the writer Jonathan Swift). Nor is the reader told that Bergerac, also lauded by Verne’s orator, had actually been parodying the English Godwin. Had Lovecraft known of the English author or the Swift connection in 1906, then he would surely have been mentioned these facts. In his Anglophile fervour he might even have upbraided Verne for his cheek. Not that it would have mattered much to most readers of the Pawtuxet Valley Gleaner, of course.

Godwin had been the Bishop of Hereford at the time he wrote the book circa the 1620s, the tale of a fantastical voyage to the Moon titled The Man in the Moone: or A Discourse of a Voyage Thither. Godwin’s tale was published posthumously in 1638, and tells off a voyage accomplished by the man being carried to the Moon by a flock of powerful one-footed swans (not geese, as one modern encyclopaedia wrongly has it). One might think that his sounds somewhat similar to the dream-leap to the Moon that Carter experiences in Lovecraft’s “Dream Quest”, …

Verily, it is to the moon’s dark side that they go to leap and gambol on the hills and converse with ancient shadows […] upon a signal, the cats all leaped gracefully with their friend packed securely in their midst

This method of flight is also broadly similar to Godwin, in its distributive aspect. Godwin has his hero invent a mechanical device that evenly distributes his weight among the especially powerful swans.

Thus it seems worth asking if Lovecraft happened upon Francis Godwin during his intensive New York research for Supernatural Literature? Or perhaps in his conversations with the members of his New York circle who we know where collecting and reading early science-fiction? If so, the discovery would be conveniently timed, re: the writing of “Dream Quest”. But the publication dates do not fit. The first modern edition of Godwin’s Moone was in 1937, just before Lovecraft’s death. He may have known of it, as it was not only known among cloistered academics but also covered by popular articles such as the one in Flying Magazine (dated February 1937, and likely appearing on the newstands earlier). There had also been a long review-article in 1931 (“Bishop Godwin’s Man in the Moone“, Review of English Studies), which may well have become known to his circle — but again this was far too late to have influenced “Dream Quest” and its visit to the Moon.

However, my feeling is that he would have been encountered references earlier via his study of his favourite poet Samuel Butler. For instance, the author of the Poetical Works of Samuel Butler footnotes an allusion in Hudibras as relating to… “Bishop Godwin … getting to the Moon upon ganzas or wild swans”. Lovecraft knew Samuel Butler well and had “ploughed through” even the toughest of his poems, and his Hudibras was a special favourite. Lovecraft owned the extensively footnoted 1864 edition of this large and allusive work. The 1864 edition’s annotator does not actually name “swans” in this case, but he refers to the Bishop and his ganzas (a fictional super-powerful breed of swan) on page 286…

There is also the more general theory, lightly held my many learned men until the 17th century, that many types of birds migrated to the Moon in winter. Again, this was the sort of early proto-scientific theory that Lovecraft would have been aware of. As for finding cats on the Moon, as in Dream-quest, the 12 year old Lovecraft already delighted in the idea of other nearby worlds populated by his beloved cats, and so this seems to have been his original idea, part whimsy and part science — the idea of creatures on Venus or Mars was then still a topic on which reputable scientists could speculate in the press.

Fossil #386

A new January 2021 issue of The Fossil, free and available now in PDF. In the long lead article David Goudsward goes in search of “The Other Miniter” and discovers a trove of information about the pre-Lovecraft life of Mrs. Miniter. As Miniter-expert Ken Faig writes elsewhere in the issue…

“indefatigable literary detective and Fossil David Goudsward has shed some much ­needed light on Edith’s husband John Miniter.”

Hongos de Yuggoth

In the Spanish newspaper El Mundo, another appreciation of the recent translation of Lovecraft’s Hongos de Yuggoth

This long cycle of thirty poems is translated by the brilliant poet Garcia Roman, who immerses us in the essence of Lovecraft’s work: he gnaws to the bone-marrow of Lovecraft’s hard poetic narratives, rushes with the same relentless energy to the ends of dark corridors, dives into the darkling depths or soars away into carnivorous sunsets. … But we can never discover the answer [in such poems], because the final horror has no name…