Tolkien Gleanings #13

* “Addenda: One Middle English Manuscript and Four Editions of Medieval Works Known to J.R.R. Tolkien and What They Reveal” (2021). This offers several new additions to the recent ‘Tolkien read this’ book Tolkien’s Library: An Annotated Checklist (which is to have a new edition on early 2023). The free PDF for the article can be had via searching Google Scholar for the title placed “in quote marks”. Last time I looked, academia.edu only allows public downloads in that way (for non-members).

* The author of The Annotated Hobbit has a new post on “The Hobyahs: A Reconsideration”. “Hobyahs” became known via printed books as a Scotch household bogey creature, akin to the common Midlands / Northern English ‘Hob’ and ‘Lob’ — but made rather more scary to children due to their vivid picture-book illustrations. As the article explains, Tolkien was interested in the word’s resemblance to his own word and he publically asked about its dissemination… although that interest came after The Hobbit.

* “Un souvenir brumeux de Dante dans The Lord of the Rings de Tolkien” (2021). In French with English abstract. Sees a possible influence of Dante’s Commedia on the Dead Marshes chapter in The Lord of the Rings…

“Dante could have been a model for Tolkien. Despite the specificity of each text, the marsh appears as a space with a paradoxical nature, between life and death, between water, earth and fire. A space dominated by the indistinct and the deceptive, in which the presence of a guide is indispensable”.

Regrettably they appear to refuse and “404” all links, except to the home page or if found by internal search. You’ll have to search for “Tolkien”.

* The Imaginative Conservative has a new ‘short but informative’ post on “The Inklings and the Outbreak of World War II”. The Inklings…

“worried that England would be next on the invasion list, and they began to enumerate the innumerable times they had publicly condemned the Nazis.”

* “One Graph to Rule them All: Using NLP and Graph Neural Networks to analyse Tolkien’s Legendarium” is an open-access paper for a December 2022 conference. The researchers use new computational methods to… “study character networks extracted from a text corpus of J.R.R. Tolkien’s Legendarium.” An early version is available on Arxiv. Note that NLP = ‘Natural Language Processing’ computer-science, not the pseudoscience of ‘Neuro-linguistic Programming’.

* And finally, new to me is Introducing the Medieval Dragon (2020) by Tolkien scholar Thomas Honegger. A University of Wales book of 144 pages. The contents are…

   Preface.
   The Dragon and Medieval Religion.
   The Medieval Dragon and Folklore.
   The Dragon and Medieval Literature.
   Outlook and Conclusion.
   Endnotes.
   Further reading.

Tolkien Gleanings #12

* Open-access in the Italian journal Mantichora, ““Like Flowers Beneath The Ancient Song”: Language And Myth In Owen Barfield and J.R.R. Tolkien” (2021). The journal wrongly states the article is in Italian. It’s actually in English.

“at the basis of language there is first and foremost an ancient pleasure — purely expressive and performative — of articulating sounds [that are] pleasantly conformed to the objects they designate (“phonetic fitness”) [… with these being often originally] strongly linked to the natural environment.”

* Open-access in LURe: Literary Undergraduate Research, “Christopher: The Editors and the Critics” (2022). A deft appreciation of Christopher Tolkien, by a talented undergraduate.

* A new library blog-post from Special Collections at Washington University, “The Medieval Mind of Tolkien”, which offers a peep at a few of their treasured books.

* The Dominican publication Dominicana offers a new meditation on “Christmas in Middle-Earth”…

“His stories about Middle-earth […] also reveal the marvel of the Incarnation in ways that are explicit, surprising, overlooked, and ‘peculiar’ — to use the author’s own word.”

* An extract from an old conference paper, now newly posted online as a blog post by Dimitra Fimi, as “Goblins in Dickens’s Pickwick Papers and Tolkien’s The Hobbit“.

* Open access, “Palimpsestos Liricos em Tolkien” (2022). The full title translates as: ‘Lyrical Palimpsests in Tolkien: on the poetic interpolations and vestiges of Nordic and Anglo-Saxon literary traditions in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien’. A Masters dissertation for the University of Sao Paulo, in Portuguese. In the English abstract, the author sees a…

“derivative relationship with Beowulf in Old English and the Elder Edda in Old Norse [and detects] traces left by such a process and its connection with the Germanic poetic tradition [and] compositional procedures from that tradition. [Something which, for Tolkien, may have] begun in an effort of translation”.

Someone in a podcast — possibly Tom Shippey — recently recalled how translation of several pages of text was given as an exercise by the better British schools, in Tolkien’s day. It was a swift dash-it-off individual daily exercise. Tolkien, of course, went a step further. At least for Greek. To help him learn to translate Greek, he invented his own purified ‘Pure Greek’.

* And finally, news of a new richly illustrated translation of “The Wanderer”….

“Cole decided to write her own translation of ‘The Wanderer’, one that would pay homage to Tolkien by using his language and themes […] she also illustrated her text with beautiful watercolor paintings.”.

Tolkien Gleanings #11

* Many intelligent reading youngsters graduate themselves from The Hobbit straight into The Lord of the Rings, often at the early age of 11-13. I recall one lad I knew who read it avidly in the bike-sheds at school, when aged barely 11. I think I read it a few years later than red-haired Nigel, and can recall some of my first responses (such as being rather annoyed that Tolkien was suddenly introducing a new character, Dernhelm, more than half-way through). But more generally what does one think, at such an age, of the challenging larger work? There’s now a public PhD thesis on the topic, ‘Small Hands Do Them Because They Must’: examining the reception of The Lord of the Rings among young readers (2020, Glasgow University).

* The Melborne Catholic this week, on “How Tolkien nearly lost his faith — and what drew him back”… “Out of wickedness and sloth I almost ceased to practise my religion […] I regret those days bitterly” (Tolkien).

* The Tolkien Experience podcast has a new interview with Brian Sibley, whose “newest project The Fall of Numenor is a book that pulls together Tolkien’s writings” on the topic, and makes a coherent book from them.

* The Adherent Apologetics podcast has a new interview, “Holly Ordway: The Christian World of J.R.R. Tolkien and The Lord of the Rings”.

* Scholars and Storytellers has a new blog post titled “Reconstructionary Tales”, on Tolkien and Guy Davenport. Who, as it turns out, was once one of Tolkien’s university students. I can add that Davenport also rather amusingly pranked the first wave of eager LoTR language-delvers. He claimed that all the names that Tolkien gave to various hobbits could actually be found in his local telephone book for Lexington, Kentucky (later shown to be untrue, sadly). More seriously he also detected the influence of a “von Essenbach” in The Lord of the Rings. Definitely not a household name in the Anglosphere, but von Essenbach (1170 – c. 1220) was a poet of the mystical Arthurian epic Parzival in medieval German. On which one Richard Wagner later based his 1882 opera, and the rest is history.

* The Parma Rumillion blog has a new post on “Tolkien and Stonyhurst College” in Lancashire. Tolkien made a delightful pen-sketch of the “New Lodge at Stonyhurst College”, which is shown in the post and which I had not seen before. But the blog post finds that… “the school and the area’s connection to Tolkien and The Lord of the Rings is wildly exaggerated”. There are questions about… “the Tolkien Trail promoted by [local tourist-board] Visit Lancashire and local businesses, although the leaflet does have a picture of New Lodge. The trail is a bit of a wild goose chase quite frankly, not using the public right-of-way to get a good view of the school and visiting places without meaningful Tolkien connections.” But Parma Rumillion kindly offers readers an alternative route, with maps. And a warning about a strange local Jobsworth who drives a little white van.

* And finally, as we head toward Christmas, a short meditation on “The Importance of Being Jolly”…. “J.R.R. Tolkien’s hobbits provide an example from fiction; their response to the goods of everyday life, such as food, drink, and tobacco, is one of gratitude and exultation.”

Tolkien Gleanings #10

* I was sorry to hear of the passing of Professor J. S. Ryan, one of the few scholarly writers on Tolkien who had also studied under Professor Tolkien. I still have his books Tolkien’s View and In the Nameless Wood on my shelves, and a number of their otherwise-scarce essays proved useful in writing my own recent book. Douglas A. Anderson has assembled a biography of Ryan, and he has a Web link to a fuller obituary.

* Newly online in open-access in 2021, the final published version of “Middle America meets Middle-earth: American discussion and readership of J.R.R. Tolkien’s Lord of The Rings, 1965-1969″ (2005). The first half being an very in-depth history of the copyright problems with the book in America. Then we eventually get to a section on the first brief ‘craze’ for Tolkien among the more discerning elements of American’s youth, and the response to it…

[even when critics actually looked at the book] “… criticisms very frequently have had less to do with The Lord of the Rings itself than with their aversion to the type of book they think it to be, and equally to the type of reader attracted to such books.”

* The venerable U.S. magazine The National Review this week reviews the new Tolkien book The Fall of Numenor. Mostly gushy praise + a long potted summary, but it’s useful to have such a summary.

* Forthcoming, a “revised and expanded edition” of The Silmarillion Primer. Amazon knows nothing about a first edition. But a little digging reveals it actually first appeared as a publisher’s bi-weekly blog-post series, at Tor.com back in 2017-18.

* And finally, ominous news re: Tolkien Estate’s licensing deals for 2023. “LEGO BrickHeadz, The Lord of the Rings versions” are coming soon to toy stores. This hideous-looking line of plastic tat, specifically designed to look squat and monstrous, even has a pair that defiles “Aragorn & Arwen”. Ugh. I’ll spare you the pictures.

Regrettably I also see that the Tolkien Society is seeming to endorse such orc-work, through allowing Lego items into their “Best Artwork” annual category.

Tolkien Gleanings #9

* An Exploration of Tolkien’s Changing Visions of Faerie Through His Non-Middle-Earth Poetry (2021). A PhD thesis for the University of Glasgow, UK. The .PDF is online and public. Sees Bombadil as having one possible source in the 17th century Tom O’Bedlam.

“… analyses the themes, language, and folklore of Tolkien’s non-Middle-earth poetry, arguing that it is possible to see three sometimes overlapping phases […] an initial phase when he explored who and what the fairies were; a second divergent phase where Tolkien at once studied the worlds and poetic styles of the medieval works he taught at Oxford yet also used his Faerie poems to protest the excesses of modern living; and a third phase where he increasingly merged his Christian beliefs with his concept of Faerie”. Concludes by showing how these approaches might have been woven into the late tale “Smith of Wootton Major”.

* Free online, a blog article for a medical humanities site, “Fangorn, the Shire, and Beleriand: Tolkien’s Disabled Landscapes” (2022)…

“… we do not abandon lands after they are changed, or when their value is diminished in our eyes. The Ents reclaim Isen. The Hobbits remain in the Shire [and restore it, even though] neither goes back to the way they were before they were impaired.”

* From Kent State University Press, the book Inkling, Historian, Soldier, and Brother: A Life of Warren Hamilton Lewis (December 2022)…

“examines Warren Lewis’s role as an original member of the Oxford Inklings [and C.S. Lewis’s brother, drawing on] unpublished diaries, his letters, the memoir he wrote about his family, and other primary materials, this biography is an engaging story of a fascinating life, and period of history”.

* Free online, a long scholarly blog post on “The Medieval in Middle-earth: Anglo-Saxon Elephants and Tolkien’s Oliphaunts” (2020).

* And finally, to Tolkien’s cherished town of Warwick in the West Midlands of England. A giant Lord of the Rings style ‘trebuchet’ siege-engine is to be built there. The 22-ton wooden machine will be the world’s biggest, and by 2023 it should be ready for flinging oliphaunt-sized loads around the grounds of Warwick Castle. Seen here is their earlier smaller engine, which is being retired.

Garth states (Worlds, p. 191) that it is “not unlikely” that the young Tolkien brothers took the train from Birmingham to the annual Warwick Pageant in the castle grounds. Though in those days there may not have been reconstructed siege-engines, it seems vaguely-possible that the castle could offer displays of scale models set in battle dioramas.

Tolkien Gleanings #8

* A Concise List of Lord of the Rings Textual Changes (1954-2021) by Zionus (2022). Free, online, and covering the published editions rather than the drafts. Finds… “70+ changes unrecorded by others [and] a dozen possible errors in the latest edition.”

* Tolkien, Europe, and Tradition: From Civilisation to the Dawn of Imagination (2022). From… “a specialist in Germanic studies [who] demonstrates the European heritage that inspired Tolkien by explicating the finer details of Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian myth, the Finnish Kalevala, Greco-Roman influence, and much more.” Appears to be a translation from the French. Despite the grandiose title, it has just 48 pages of core text. As such it can hardly be called a book, and at a guess it may be a printed lecture?

* An August 2023 summer school with John Garth, at the University of Oxford Department for Continuing Education, “An Introduction to Tolkien’s Mythology”. “From £1,315”. Fully booked in a bang and a flash, of course.

* A short report on the John Garth lecture, given in November 2022 as part of Marquette’s large Tolkien exhibition in the USA. The lecture…

“‘Whispering Leaves: How Tolkien’s Manuscripts Reveal the Secrets of His Creativity’ ran a little over an hour […] Garth teased a little bit of his next project as well. He said he was working on a book, tentatively entitled “Tolkien’s Mirror,” wherein he seeks to ground the work of The Lord of the Rings in Tolkien’s intra-war period (1918-1939) and World War II years (1939-1945), and show that much of Tolkien’s world-building reflected contemporaneous events, including those worldwide.”

* Vermonter Jeb J. Smith’s newly-funded Kickstarter book A New Perspective on J.R.R. Tolkien and Middle-earth. Funded but not yet produced and shipped. The blurb is off-putting. For instance, claiming that it’s… “the first book of its kind to place Tolkien within his proper context” [re: how his] “worldview impacted his mythology”. Tom Shippey and others might wish to disagree. Also makes it sound like the author is going to be reliant only on his examination of “a wide range of Tolkien’s writings” and little else.

* And finally, a new Creative Commons Sharealike picture of the Entrance and cloister of the Birmingham Oratory, home-from-home for the young Tolkien. I’ve here given the view a de-modernising, shadow lift, and a b&w fix. Feel free to re-use under the same CC licence.